نشریه انجمن علمی روانشناسی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی عمومی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

4 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

طلاق هیجانی شکلی از طلاق است که در آن زوجین به زندگی مشترک خود ادامه می‌دهند؛ اما نسبت به یکدیگر سرد هستند، احساس انزوا می‌کنند و زندگی جداگانه‌ای را بدون گرفتن طلاق رسمی انجام می‌دهند. هدف پژوهش حاضر مدل­یابی علی طلاق هیجانی بر اساس پرخاشگری عاطفی و مقابله زوجین با نقش میانجی راهبردهای تنظیم هیجان در میان زوجین استان گیلان بود.  طرح پژوهش توصیفی و از نوع مدل­یابی معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه افراد متأهل ساکن استان گیلان در سال 1400 بودند. حجم نمونه 253 نفر در نظر گرفته شد که به روش نمونه­گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. برای جمع­آوری داده­ها از مقیاس طلاق هیجانی گاتمن (EDS)، مقیاس پرخاشگری ارتباطی پنهان نلسون و کارول (CRAViS)، مقیاس مقابله زوجی بودنمن (DCI) و مقیاس تنظیم هیجان گراس و جان  (ERQ) استفاده شد. داده­های جمع­آوری شده، با استفاده از مدل­یابی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که مدل علی رابطه بین پرخاشگری عاطفی، مقابله زوجین، راهبردهای تنظیم هیجان و طلاق هیجانی در زوجین براساس شاخص‌های مختلف، نیکویی برازش مطلوبی دارد. پرخاشگری عاطفی، مقابله زوجین و تنظیم هیجان بر طلاق هیجانی زوجین اثر مستقیم دارند؛ همچنین پرخاشگری عاطفی و مقابله زوجین از طریق راهبردهای تنظیم هیجان بر طلاق هیجانی زوجین تأثیر غیرمستقیم دارد (05/0>P). بنابراین، پرخاشگری عاطفی، مقابله زوجین و راهبردهای تنظیم هیجان نقش مهمی را در میزان طلاق هیجانی زوجین ایفا می‌کنند و هدف قراردادن این سه مؤلفه به وسیله درمان‌های روان­شناختی، می‌تواند در کاهش میزان طلاق هیجانی زوجین حائز اهمیت باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Causal Model of Emotional Divorce in Couples Based on Emotional Aggression and Dyadic Coping: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies

نویسندگان [English]

  • sanaz eyni 1
  • Asra Fatahi 2
  • Fatemeh Shahnazdoust 3
  • Mahin Veismoradi 4

1 Assistant professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

2 Master of General Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

3 Ph.D. candidate in Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

4 Master of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Emotional divorce is a form of divorce in which the couples continue to live together but are cold towards each other, feel isolated, and live separately without obtaining a formal divorce. This study aimed to develop a model which examines the cause of emotional divorce based on emotional aggression and dyadic coping with the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies among couples in Guilan. The research design was descriptive and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all married individuals living in Guilan in 2021. The sample size was 253 individuals who were selected through the purposive sampling method. Gottman’s Emotional Divorce Scale (EDS), Nelson-Carroll’s Covert Relational Aggression Scale (CRAViS), Bodenmann’s Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI), and Gross-John’s Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that the causal model of the relationship between emotional aggression, dyadic coping, emotion regulation strategies, and emotional divorce in couples based on different indicators had a good fit. Emotional aggression, dyadic coping, and emotion regulation had a direct effect on the couple’s emotional divorce. Moreover, emotional aggression and dyadic coping had an indirect effect on the emotional divorce of couples through emotion regulation strategies (P < 0.05). Therefore, emotional aggression, dyadic coping, and emotion regulation strategies play an important role in the rate of emotional divorce of couples; therapists’ attention to these three components can be important in reducing the rate of emotional divorce of couples.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Emotional Divorce
  • Emotional Aggression
  • Dyadic Coping
  • Emotion Regulation
Abdollahi, A., Ahadi, H., Tajeri, B., & HajiAlizadeh, K. (2021). Developing a conceptual model of the factors forming divorce in the first five years of life: a grounded theory study. Journal of Psychological Sciences, 20(97), 1-12. http://doi.org/20.1001.1.17357462.1400.20.97.10.7 [In Persian] 
Aizpitarte, A., Atherton, O. E., Zheng, L. R., Alonso‐Arbiol, I., & Robins, R. W. (2019). Developmental precursors of relational aggression from late childhood through adolescence. Child Development, 90(1), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13166
AL-shahrani, H.F., & Hammad, M.A. (2023) Impact of emotional divorce on the mental health of married women in Saudi Arabia. PLoS ONE, 18(11), e0293285. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293285
Arjmand Siyapoosh, E., & Piramoon, N. (2014). Pathological investigation of emotional divorce from the perspective of women (20-39 years old) and its consequences on children living in Ba'ath town of Mahshahr city. Sociological Studies of Youth, 5(14), 9-22. [In Persian] 
Asghari, F., Isapoor Haftkhani, K., & Ghasemi Jobaneh, R. (2018). The effectiveness of emotion regulation training on couple burnout and emotional divorce of applied for divorce women. Socialworkmag, 7 (1), 14-21. [In Persian]
Bastani, S., Golzari, M., & Rowshani, Sh. (2011). Emotional divorce and strategies to face it. Journal of Family Research, 7(2), 241-257. [In Persian]
Bloch, L., Haase, C. M., & Levenson, R. W. (2014). Emotion regulation predicts marital satisfaction: More than a wives’ tale. Emotion, 14, 130–144. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034272
Bodenmann, G., Randall, A. K., & Falconier, M. K. (2016). Coping in couples: the systemic transactional model (STM). Couples Coping with Stress: A Cross-cultural Perspective, 5-22.
Brandão, T., Brites, R., Hipólito, J., Pires, M., & Nunes, O. (2020). Dyadic coping, marital adjustment and quality of life in couples during pregnancy: An actor–partner approach. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 38(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2019.1578950
Carroll, J. S., Nelson, D. A., Yorgason, J. B., Harper, J. M., Ashton, R. H., & Jensen, A. (2010). Relational aggression in marriage. Aggressive Behavior, 36(5), 315-329. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20349
Coyne, S. M., Nelson, D. A., Carroll, J. S., Smith, N. J., Yang, C., Holmgren, H. G., & Johnson, C. (2017). Relational aggression and marital quality: A five-year longitudinal study. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(3), 282–293. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000274
Cramer, C. M. (2015). Relational Aggression/Victimization and Depression in Married Couples. Brigham Young University.
Damo, D.D., & Cenci, C.M.B. (2021). Emotional Divorce: Similarities and Differences According to the Position Occupied. Trends in Psychology, 29, 505–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-021-00088-w
Eurostat (2020). Marriage and divorce statistics. Statistics Explained. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
Falconier, M. K., Jackson, J. B., Hilpert, P., & Bodenmann, G. (2015). Dyadic coping and relationship satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 42, 28-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.07.002
Falconier, M. K., Wojda-Burlij, A. K., Conway, C. A., & Kim, J. (2022). The role of emotion regulation in couples’ stress communication and dyadic coping responses. Stress & Health, 39(2), 309-322. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3186
Fallahchai, R., Fallahi, M., Chahartangi, S., Bodenmann, G. (2019). Psychometric Properties and Factorial Validity of the Dyadic Coping Inventory –the Persian Version. Current Psychology, 38, 486–496.   https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9624-6
Fouji, A., & Naderi, F. (2016). Relationship of social skills and religious beliefs with emotional divorce on client women referring to Ahvaz psychological consultant centers. Woman & Culture, 8(27), 23-36. [In Persian] https://jwc.ahvaz.iau.ir/article_523931.html
Frankel, L. A., Umemura, T., Jacobvitz, D., & Hazen, N. (2015). Marital conflict and parental responses to infant negative emotions: relations with toddler emotional regulation. Infant Behavior and Development, 40, 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.03.004
Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006). Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: A comparative study of five specific samples. Personality and Individual Differences, 40 (8), 1659–1669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.12.009
Gefen, D., Straub, D.W., & Boudreau, M. C. (2000). Structural equation modeling and regression: Guidelines for research and practice. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 3, 25-39. https://doi.org/10.17705/1cais.00407
Gottman, J. M. (2014). What predicts divorce? The relationship between marital processes and marital outcomes. Psychology Press.
Gower, A. L., Lingras, K. A., Mathieson, L. C., Kawabata, Y., & Crick, N. R. (2014). The role of preschool relational and physical aggression in the transition to kindergarten: Links with social-psychological adjustment. Early education and Development, 25(5), 619-640. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2014.844058
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41–54.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-008-9102-4
Greene, S. M., Anderson, E. R., Forgatch, M. S., DeGarmo, D. S., & Hetherington, E. M. (2016). Risco e resiliência após o divórcio. Processos Normativos da Família, 102-127.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect,   relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
Horn, A. B., & Maercker, A. (2016). Intra-and interpersonal emotion regulation and adjustment symptoms in couples: The role of co-brooding and co-reappraisal. BMC Psychology4(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-016-0159-7
Johnson, M. D., Horne, R. M., & Galovan, A. M. (2016). The developmental course of supportive dyadic coping in couples. Developmental Psychology, 52, 2031–2043. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000216
Khazaei, S., Navabinejad, S., Farzad, V., & Zahrakar, K. (2016). The investigating of psychometric properties of covert relational aggression scale. Research in Psychological Health, 10 (2),75-88. http://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.rph.10.2.75  [In Persian]
Klein, S. R., Renshaw, K. D., & Curby, T. W. (2016). Emotion regulation and perceptions of hostile and constructive criticism in romantic relationships. Behavior Therapy, 47, 143–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2015.10.007
Kline, R.B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Second Edition, New York:  The Guilford Press.
Kokkinos, C. M., Algiovanoglou, I., & Voulgaridou, I. (2019). Emotion regulation and relational aggression in adolescents: Parental attachment as moderator. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(11), 3146-3160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01491-9
Laur, R. H., & Laur, J. C. (2007). Marriage & Family: The Quest for Intimacy, New York: MCGROW MILL.
Levenson, R. W., Haase, C. M., Bloch, L., Holley, S. R., & Seider, B. H. (2014). Emotion regulation in couples. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 267–283). The Guilford Press.
Levesque, C., Lafontaine, M. F., & Bureau, J. F. (2017). The mediating effects of emotion regulation and dyadic coping on the relationship between romantic attachment and non-suicidal self-injury. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(2), 277-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0547-6
Lotfi, M., Shiasy, Y., Amini, M., Mansori, K., Hamzezade, S., Salehi, A., & Mafakhery, M. (2020). Investigating psychometric properties of interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire (IERQ) in university students. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 30(185), 74-85. http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-14163-fa.html [In Persian]
Markman, H. J., Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S. M., Ragan, E. P., & Whitton, S. W. (2010). The premarital communication roots of marital distress and divorce: The first five years of marriage. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(3), 289–298. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019481
McDonald, B. E. (2011). Changes in dyadic coping and distress among couples facing unemployment. Washington University Couples, 1, 345-367.
Moroń, M., & Mandal, E. (2021). Reinforcement sensitivity, approach and avoidance goals and relational aggression in romantic relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110381
Parvin, S., Davoodi, M., & Mohammadi, F. (2012). Sociological factors influencing emotional divorce in Tehran. Women's Strategic Studies, 14(56), 119-153. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.20082827.1391.14.56.4.0  [In Persian]
Rusu, P. P., Bodenmann, G., & Kayser, K. (2019). Cognitive emotion regulation and positive outcomes in married couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(1), 359–376.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407517751664
Rusu, P. P., Nussbeck, F. W., Leutchmann, L., & Bodenmann, G. (2020). Stress, dyadic coping, and relationship satisfaction: A longitudinal study disentangling timely stable from yearly fluctuations. PLoS One, 4, 1–23.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231133
Vater, A., & Schro¨der-Abe´, M. (2015). Explaining the link between personality and relationship satisfaction: Emotion regulation and interpersonal behaviour in conflict discussions: Personality and relationship satisfaction. European Journal of Personality, 29, 201–215. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1993
Velotti, P., Balzarotti, S., Tagliabue, S., English, T., Zavattini, G. C., & Gross, J. J. (2016). Emotional suppression in early marriage: Actor, partner, and similarity effects on marital quality. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 33, 277–302. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407515574466