Family Psychology Association of Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD student of Tabriz Azad University

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology , University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

Adolescence due to some changes Biological, psychological and social with a tendency to a variety of risky behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between parental psychological control and mindfulness with high-risk behaviors of adolescents with mediating the role of emotional self-regulation. The statistical population includes junior high school students in Zanjan, whose number was 46,000 and according to Krejcie and Morgan table and using multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Through cyberspace, due to the lack of face-to-face class, a sample of 403 students of both sexes was selected (of which 214 were in the girls 'group and 189 were in the boys' group) and Virtually, they responded to the Iranian Adolescent Risk Questionnaire (IARS), the Emotional Self-Regulation Questionnaire (MARS), the Dependent Oriented Parental Control Scale (DAPCS), and the Mindfulness Questionnaire (MFQ).Statistical method of structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that emotional self-regulation mediates the relationship between parental psychological control and mindfulness and high-risk behaviors. Also, the direct effect of parental psychological control, mindfulness and emotional self-regulation with high-risk behaviors and the direct effect of emotional self-regulation with psychological control of parents and mindfulness were significant. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that family support and control play an important role in preventing the tendency to high-risk behaviors. Equipping students with individual skills such as mindfulness and emotional self-regulation can also be effective in preventing high-risk behaviors.

Keywords

Aloliloah-Gh, K., Abolghasemi, A., Zahed, A. (2014). The Relationship of Mindfulness Skills and Metacognitive Beliefs with Interpersonal Reactivity of Substance Abusers. jcp,6(3),33-41. [In Persian].
Aminabadi, Z, Khodapnahi, M. K. & Dehghani, M. (2011). The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in adolescents' perceptions of the dimensions of parenting styles and their academic success. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 5(2), 109-117. [In Persian]
Arshi, M., Latifian, M., Asad, R, Sheikholmoloki, F. (2018). Studying the Relationship Between the Family's Emotional Climate and Attitude Toward Addiction Among Students. Socialworkmag, 7(1), 22-28. [In Persian]
Azizi Karaj, M., Dehghani, F., Kamali Zarch, M. (2017). The Moderating Role of Emotion Self-Regulation in the Relationship between Mindfulness and Self-Efficacy of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Yazd Township. Horizon Med Sci, 23(3), 243-250. [In Persian]
Badan Firooz, A., Tabatabai, M., Naji, A. (2017). Investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Dependent-Oriented Psychological Control Scale and Oriented Progress in High School Students. Journal of School Psychology, 6(7), 1-17. [In Persian]
Barco., B. L. Mendo-Lazaro, S., Polo-del-Rio, F., &. Lopez-Ramos, V. L., (2019). Parental Psychological Control and Emotional and Behavioral Disorders among Spanish Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16, 123-145. [In Persian]
Barco., B. L. Mendo-Lazaro, S., Polo-del-Rio, F., &. Lopez-Ramos, V. L., (2019). Parental Psychological Control and Emotional and Behavioral Disorders among Spanish Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16, 123-145.
Chester, D.S. & DeWall, C.N. (2018). Aggression is associated with greater subsequent alcohol consumption: A shared neural basis in the ventral striatum. Wiley online library, 44(3), 285-293.
Christopher D. Houck, G., Wendy, H.,   David, B.,   Larry, K. Brown., F., Evan, H., & Brandon, A. (2017). An emotion regulation intervention to reduce risk behaviors among at-risk early adolescents. Published in final edited form as: Prev Sci, 17(1), 71–82.
Dadash Nia, H. (2014). The effectiveness of mindfulness exercises on fear of negative evaluation and emotional self-regulation in anxious students. Master Thesis in Psychology, Azad University of Tehran Markaz. [In Persian].
Dir,A., Banks ,D.E., Zapolski ,T.C., McIntyre, E.,& Hulvershorn, L.A. (2016). Negative urgency and emotion regulation predict positive smoking expectancies in non-smoking youth. Addict Behav., 58, 47-52.
Fish, J. N., Maier, C. A., & Priest, J. B. (2015). Substance abuse treatment response in a Latino sample: the influence of family conflict. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 49, 27-34.
Ghaempour, Z, Ismailian, M & Sarafraz, M R. (2020). Emotion regulation in adolescents, the predictive role of family functioning and attachment. Thought and Behavior, 14(51), 1-16. [In Persian]
Ghanbari Zarandi, Z., Mohammadkhani, S., & Hasheminasab, M. (2016). Structural Model of substance Abuse in Adolescents: Direct and Indirect Roles of Individual, Psychological, Family, and Social Factors. Etiadpajohi, 10 (38) ,87-102. [In Persian].
Ghasemi Jobaneh, R., Mousavi, V., Zanipoor, A., Hoseini Seddigh, M. (2016). The relationship between mindfulness and emotion regulation with academic Procrastination of Students. Educ Strategy Med Sci, 9 (2) ,134-141. [In Persian]
Ghorbani, N., Watson, P. J., & Weathington. (2009). Mindfulness in Iran
and the United States: Cross-Cultural Structural Complexity and Parallel
Relationships with Psychological Adjustment. Current Psychology, 28(5),
211–224. [In Persian]
 Guendelman,  S.,    Medeiros, . S.,  &  ampes, H., (2017). Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: Insights from Neurobiological, Psychological, and Clinical Studies. Front Psychol. , 8, 220-230.
Gullone, E., & Moore, S. (2000). Adolescent risk-taking and the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Adolescence, 23(4), 393-407.
Hassanpour, E, Mikaeli Manieh, F & Issazadegan, A (2014). Comparison of the effectiveness of memory skills and emotional self-regulation on reducing test anxiety of female high school students in Urmia in the academic year 91-92. Journal of Psychological Achievements. 21(115), 19-44. [In Persian]
Hummel, A., Shelton, K.H., Heron, J., Moore, L., &van den Bree, A. (2013). Systematic Review of the Relationships between Family Functioning, Pubertal Timing and Adolescent Substance Use. Addiction, 108(3),487-96.
Jafarri, A M., Omidi Shamami, M., Fahimi, S. (2017). The comparative study of mindfulness and emotion regulation in substance abuser resistant to treatment. MEDICAL SCIENCES, 27(1), 62-70. [In Persian].
kahrazeie ,F.(2017). The relation of Family Functional with Self-regulation of Academic and Inhibition among high school students. Rooyesh, 6(2), 121-148. [In Persian].
Kashif Gaskari, A., Mashayekh, M., & Hakami, M. (2016). The relationship between moral foundations and emotional self-regulation with high-risk behaviors in first grade high school girls, Alborz Scientific, Research and Technology Journal 2. [In Persian].
 Lyvers,   M.,  Makin, C.,  & Toms, E. (2014). Trait Mindfulness in Relation to Emotional Self-Regulation and Executive Function.   World Health Organization,  5( 6),  619–625.
Maleki, M, Mohagheghi, H & Nabizadeh, S.  (2019). Predicting the tendency to risky behaviors based on rumination of anger and expression of emotion. Thought and Behavior, 8(13), 1-20. [In Persian].
Marini, C.M., Wadsworth, Sh .M., Christ, Sh .L. & Franks, M.(2017). Emotion expression, avoidance and psychological health during reintegration. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 34)1(, 69-90.
Masaevaa, Z., & Lechieva, M. (2016). Psychological aspects of the family values and their effect on aggression events associated with pre-school children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 233(17), 216–221.
Nagaran Tusi, T., Talebian Sharif, J., & Abdokhodaei, M S. (2019). Studying The relationship between attachment styles and parenting styles mediated by high-risk behaviors on the quality of life of runaway girls.Journal ofpsychology new ideas, 3(7),1-14.
Nezampoor, R., Mashhadi, A., & Bigdeli, I. (2018). Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Group Training on Aggression and Risky Behavior in Male Orphan Adolescents.jcp, 10(2),1-20. [In Persian].
Nikki, C, Lee, F, Wouter, D., Weeda, D., Insel, C., Leah, H, Krabbendam, L., Huizinra, M. (2018). Neural substrates of the influence of emotional cues on cognitive control in risk-taking adolescents. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience.
Priddy, Matthew, O., Howard, A., Hanley, F., Michael., R. Riquino., J., Katarina., D. Friberg-Felsted, K., & Eric., L (2018). Mindfulness meditation in the treatment of substance se disorders and preventing future relapse: neurocognitive mechanisms and clinical implications.Access to scientific and medica lresearch, 9, 103-114.
Rayan, R. M., & Brown, K. W. (2003). Why We Don’t Need Self-Esteem: on Fundamental Need, Contingent Love, and Mindfulness. Psychological Inquiry, 14, 27-82.
Sadri Demirchi, I & Kiani Chalmardi, A R (2018). The effectiveness of counseling to reduce high-risk behaviors on improving quality of life and curbing tempting ideas in people with substance abuse disorders. Quarterly Journal of Substance Abuse, Eleventh Year, 41, 1-19. [In Persian].
Salehi Morkani, B (2006). Evaluation and comparison of emotional self-regulation strategies among students with anxiety disorders and depression with normal students in Isfahan. master's thesis. Al-Zahra University.
Salehi, P (2017). The Relationship between Parental Psychological Control and Behavioral Problems of Adolescent Girls and Boys: The Mediating Role of Satisfying Basic Psychological Needs. Master Thesis in Family Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University.
Samani, S., Sohrabi Shegefti, N., Mansori, S. (2011). Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation for Parenting Style and Emotional Disturbances. Journal of Psychological ModelsandMethods,1(3),111- 124. [In Persian].
Sanchez-Queija, I., Oliva, A., Parra, A., & Camacho, C. (2016). Longitudinal Analysis of the Role of Family Functioning in Substance Use. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(1), 232-240.
Segal, Z. V. Williams, J. Mark, G. & Teasdale, J. D. (2013). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. New York: Guilford Press.
Shabani, M., RanjbarSudejani,Y. (2018).The effectiveness of Treatment mindfulness-based stress reduction to reduce high-risk behaviors and impulsivity in adolescents. Rooyesh, 7(8), 17-30. [In Persian].
Shams Elahi, M & Jadidian, A A (2021). The effectiveness of parenting styles on students' tendency to risky behaviors. Journal of Applied Studies in Social Sciences and Sociology. 3(3), 1-10. [In Persian].
Sharma, M. K., Suman, LN., Murthy,P., & Marimuthu, P.(2017). Relationship of anger with alcohol use treatment outcome: Follow-up study. Indian Journal of psychological Medicine, 39(4), 426-429.
Shokri, N, Yousefi, M, Safaei Rad, I, Akbari, T, Mousavi, Maryam & Nazari, H (2015). Correlation of high-risk behaviors in student adolescents with parenting styles. Journal of Health Promotion Management,5(1), 73-82. [In Persian].
Siri, S.,&Siri, N. (2015). Relationship between family cohesion and the level of aggression of high school students in Pakdasht city of Tehran province. Journal of New Ideas on Science and Technology,1(1), 37-55.