Seyed Mohammad Hossein Khatami; Fatemeh Bayanfar; Seyed Mosa Tabatabee
Abstract
Emotional divorce is one of the most important traumas and causes of family breakdown in most families. The recognition of the variables affecting emotional divorce is considered as important. Knowing how the variables operate and relate in the field of preventing emotional divorce can improve the emotional ...
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Emotional divorce is one of the most important traumas and causes of family breakdown in most families. The recognition of the variables affecting emotional divorce is considered as important. Knowing how the variables operate and relate in the field of preventing emotional divorce can improve the emotional relationships between couples and prevent legal divorce. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of sexual assertiveness in the relationship between sexual self-efficacy and emotional divorce. The participants included 295 married women from Gonabad, Sabzevar and Neyshabur, all of whom completed the Hulbert index of sexual assertiveness (HISA), as well as sexual self-efficacy questionnaire (SSQ), and emotional divorce scale (EDS). The results indicated the direct and indirect effectiveness of sexual self-efficacy. In addition, a negative path was obtained between sexual self-efficacy and emotional divorce, while there was a positive path between sexual self-efficacy and sexual assertiveness. Further, the results of path analysis demonstrated the mediating role of sexual assertiveness in the relationship between sexual self-efficacy and emotional divorce. In general, the results confirmed the role of sexual assertiveness and self-efficacy in the occurrence and continuation of emotional divorce. Finally, emotional divorce can partly decrease by providing the necessary training to families for enhancing sexual behaviors among the couples with emotional divorce
Sayedeh Somayyeh Hashemi zadeh AL-Hashem; MohammadReza Tamannaeifar; Azam Mansoori Nik
Abstract
Family plays an important role in the mental health of its members. If it suffers from conflicts, it can lose its importance as an emotional and psychological base. Marital conflicts have been identified as one of the most common problems in families. The purpose of this research study was to examine ...
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Family plays an important role in the mental health of its members. If it suffers from conflicts, it can lose its importance as an emotional and psychological base. Marital conflicts have been identified as one of the most common problems in families. The purpose of this research study was to examine the effect of schema-based couple therapy on marital silence and emotional blackmail in women with marital conflicts. The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all women who referred to Golestan Zendegi counseling center, District 2, Tehran. Among them, 30 women were selected through the purposive sampling method; they were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 women in each group). Marital Silence (Rasouli & Rezaee, 2019), Emotional Blackmail (FOG; Karnani, 2018), and Marital Conflicts (MCQ; Sanai Zakir & Barati, 2008) questionnaires were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 24) and MANCOVA. The experimental group received schema-based couple therapy intervention during 10 sessions. However, the control group did not receive any intervention. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in terms of marital silence and emotional blackmail. In other words, the treatment model was effective in reducing the variables. Accordingly, the schema-based couple therapy approach could be used to reduce the problems and conflicts of couples, especially marital silence and emotional blackmail.
Reza Khojasteh Mehr; zahra khorsandi; Zabihollah Abbaspour
Abstract
Finding effective variables in marriage success has always been the considered by counselors and psychotherapists. Relational ethics refers to trust, justice, loyalty, responsibility and merit in relationships and affects the fairness of relationships. Relational ethics has two vertical (Ethics in the ...
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Finding effective variables in marriage success has always been the considered by counselors and psychotherapists. Relational ethics refers to trust, justice, loyalty, responsibility and merit in relationships and affects the fairness of relationships. Relational ethics has two vertical (Ethics in the family of origin) and horizontal (Ethics between partners) dimensions. The aim of the present study was to determine relational ethics as a predictor of success and failure of women's marriage. The studied population of the current research was women following divorce procedure and normal women in Ahvaz city. The research sample consisted of 150 women following divorce and 150 normal women whom were selected by available sampling method. The participants completed the relational ethics scale and demographic information questionnaire created by the researcher. In this research, Discriminant analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the linear combination of the components of relational ethics in the family of origin and the components of relational ethics in marital relationships were strong predictor of the success and failure of women's marriages, and the discriminant analysis method showed that the components of trust and justice, loyalty and entitlement in family of origin and the components of trust and justice and loyalty in marital relationships discriminahted success and failure of marriage individually. However, the component of entitlement in marital relationships could not discriminate success and failure of marriage individually. Horizontal relational ethics has a stronger predictive power than vertical relational ethics; therefore, it can be concluded that relational ethics has a decisive role in predicting family functions and the durability of marital relations. Therefore, considering the effect of relational ethics, it is suggested that the mentioned variable be taken into consideration in the stability of marriage.
Vahideh Babakhani
Abstract
Marital infidelity is one of the most important traumatic factors for couples and families, and is a common phenomenon for family and marriage therapists. It has a significant impact on the betrayed spouse. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on ...
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Marital infidelity is one of the most important traumatic factors for couples and families, and is a common phenomenon for family and marriage therapists. It has a significant impact on the betrayed spouse. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on enduring the distress and self-control of betrayed women. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Of all the betrayed women who referred to the Family Counseling Office in District 3 of Tehran in the first 6 months of 2019, 34 women were selected based on their availability and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group then experienced acceptance and commitment therapy in 8 sessions. Participants in the present study were asked to complete data collection tools including Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and Self-Control Scale (SCS) in both pre-test and post-test stages. The results of the present study showed that acceptance and commitment therapy has a significant effect on increasing the tolerance of distress and self-control of betrayed women (P = 0.0001). According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) can be used as an intervention method for marital infidelity and as one of the methods of intervention in treatment and counseling sessions.
atefe taghizade chime; Somayeh Robat mili
Abstract
Marriage, as one of the oldest links between humans and the origin of the family, nurtures human character; as a small natural group, it has been the focus of many researchers. Among all the important relationships in human life, marital relationship is one of the most important relationships for human ...
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Marriage, as one of the oldest links between humans and the origin of the family, nurtures human character; as a small natural group, it has been the focus of many researchers. Among all the important relationships in human life, marital relationship is one of the most important relationships for human well-being. A desirable marital relationship not only fulfills the need for connection but also is an intimate and reliable relationship which creates a deep sense of connection and belonging. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and marital satisfaction with the mediation of alexithymia and communication skills. The study’s method was of the correlational type and the statistical population was made up of all married students of Tehran universities who had been married for at least one year. Among the population, 212 students were voluntarily selected through the available sampling method. They filled out Enrich’s Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Toronto’s Alexithymia (TAS-20), and Queen Dam’s Communication Skills (CSTR). The data was analyzed using the structural equation modeling method (df/X2 = 1.62, CFI = 0.975, GFI = 0.966, and RMSEA = 0.054). The results showed that communication skills had a positive and significant effect and alexithymia had a negative and significant effect on marital satisfaction. Communication skills mediated the relationship between self-esteem and marital satisfaction positively. In addition, self-esteem with the mediation of alexithymia could positively affect marital satisfaction (P < 0.05). It showed that self-esteem had a positive and significant relationship with marital satisfaction. Considering that marital satisfaction is one of the most important determinants of the efficiency and health of the family, paying attention to the factors affecting it can consider the physical and mental health of people as family members.
Habib Jokar; Zahra* Yousefi; Hajar Torkan
Abstract
One of the most important problems among Iranian adults is the delay in marriage among girls and boys. It can cause social harm; therefore the deep identification of its roots can be a facilitator. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the components affecting untimely marriages among single Iranian ...
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One of the most important problems among Iranian adults is the delay in marriage among girls and boys. It can cause social harm; therefore the deep identification of its roots can be a facilitator. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the components affecting untimely marriages among single Iranian boys, which was done by guided content analysis the research aims to identify the components of delay in marriage among single and educated Iranian men. In this study, 14 single men aged 30 to 38 years old in the city of Bushehr who was still single were selected and interviewed. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by content analysis method, which led to the identification of three pervasive themes, which were: Analysis of the data obtained from the interviews led to the identification of three pervasive themes, which were: having a family regardless of child marriage, having an individualistic personality, and living in a society that encourages celibacy. Based on findings it can be said that in the formation of untimely singleness, three important components of personality, family, and society encourages is necessary. Therefore, its improvement also depends on multidimensional corrections according to the points mentioned. Therefore, it is suggested that using the model extracted from this research, educational packages for preventing untimely celibacy be prepared and presented to young people about to get married.
Zeinab Mohamadi; Farhad Asghari; Abdolnaser Javan Mojarad
Abstract
The quality of sexual life as one of the components of marital life can be influenced by psychological and sexual factors such as subjective well-being and sexual self-efficacy. In addition, subjective well-being can directly and indirectly affect the quality of sexual life. The current research study ...
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The quality of sexual life as one of the components of marital life can be influenced by psychological and sexual factors such as subjective well-being and sexual self-efficacy. In addition, subjective well-being can directly and indirectly affect the quality of sexual life. The current research study aimed to investigate the mediating role of sexual self-efficacy in the relationship between subjective well-being and women’s sexual life quality. The current research method was correlational and structural equation modeling was used. The statistical population of the present study consisted of married women in Rasht in 2022. In the present study, 250 women were selected using the voluntary sampling method. They filled out the Sexual Quality of Life questionnaire, the Subjective Well-being scale, and the Sexual Self-efficacy questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using Spss and Amos software. The research findings showed that all the indicators of the model had valid fit (χ2/df = 2.46, RMSEA = 0.01, GFI = 0.99, AGFI = 0.97, NFI = 0.99, IFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, CFI = 0.92) and sexual self-efficacy played a mediating role in the relationship between subjective well-being and the quality of women’s sexual life (P < 0.01, β = 0.14). As the research findings supported the mediating role of sexual self-efficacy in the relationship between subjective well-being and the quality of women's sexual life, increasing the subjective well-being and sexual self-efficacy would result in the improved quality of women’s sexual life. Thus, the family functioning would improve.
Soghra Ostovar; Changiz Rahimi; Mahboobeh Fooladchang
Abstract
The mate selection process is an important and difficult issue for many in different societies. The selection of the appropriate person to marry is one of the most stressful decisions in life. People ambitiously try to find the appropriate person to marry and understand if they are having the right choice ...
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The mate selection process is an important and difficult issue for many in different societies. The selection of the appropriate person to marry is one of the most stressful decisions in life. People ambitiously try to find the appropriate person to marry and understand if they are having the right choice or not before marriage. Unfortunately, the basics of the people who are trying to choose the appropriate individual come from unrealistic beliefs or expectations. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of a pre-marriage training program based on the Larson model on restrictive beliefs about choosing a spouse in students. For this purpose, male and female students in Shiraz University were invited by summoning to participate in the pre-marriage training workshop. From the registered students, 60 subjects were selected randomly and placed in experimental and control groups. Then a pre-test was taken of both groups. The experimental group took part in a pre-marriage course. Both groups then took the post-test. The instrument used in this study was a scale to measure the spouse-selection attitudes. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS by utilizing, MANCOVA and covariance analysis. The results showed that the experimental and control groups performed significantly differently in the subscales of love-belief, pivotal experience, idealism, easy-taking, optimism, but not in the subscale opposite seeking. According to the research findings and the importance of rational and efficient beliefs in family strength, it seems that couples should learn more about them. The based on the results of this research, it is suggested that results of such research available to different centers and organizations so that they can plan well based on the results of the research.
Asghar Dadkhah; Fatemeh Shoai; Sotoudeh Afrooz
Abstract
The way of marriage and family relationship the couple and their families can be effected on their primitive cognition of each other and their adaptability and marital satisfaction. So, the present study was conducted to compare marital satisfaction in individuals with kinship and non-kinship ...
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The way of marriage and family relationship the couple and their families can be effected on their primitive cognition of each other and their adaptability and marital satisfaction. So, the present study was conducted to compare marital satisfaction in individuals with kinship and non-kinship marriage. For this purpose, 210 subjects (30 people in each group) were selected by available sampling method and tested by Afrooz couple satisfaction scale. Data analysis showed, there was no significant difference between the overall score of marital satisfaction in individuals with kinship and non-kinship marriage. But at the subscale level, there was a significant difference between two groups on the problem-solving, Ideal thinking and communication skills. therefore, it seems that the provision of family education and counseling in order to improve communication skills and problem-solving skills among couple with -kinship marriage. Especially, more family relationships between kinship couples in some cases can lead to misunderstandings and differences if not properly managed, which weakens the couple's interactions. Of course, one of the reasons for the weakness in communication skills between kinship couples, in turn, can be the inability to use the right problem-solving methods, which can be controlled and managed to a large extent through training and counseling.
Ali Moshtaghi; Asghar Jafari
Abstract
Marriage affects the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral health of young couples. Interpersonal trust and cognitive flexibility play a role in family functioning. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of imago therapy in increasing interpersonal trust and cognitive flexibility ...
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Marriage affects the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral health of young couples. Interpersonal trust and cognitive flexibility play a role in family functioning. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of imago therapy in increasing interpersonal trust and cognitive flexibility in young couples. A quasi-experimental design was used. The statistical population included young couples who referred to Salam Counseling and Psychology Center in Esfahan in 2022. Through purposive sampling method, 16 couples who met the inclusion criteria were selected; they were randomly assigned to the two groups of imago therapy and control (n1=n2=8). Research instruments were Rempel and Holmes’s (2007) Interpersonal Relationship Trust questionnaire and Dennis and Vanderwal’s (2010) Cognitive Flexibility questionnaire, which were administered to the two groups in three stages. In addition, Muro et al.’s (2016) Imago Therapy program was implemented in the experimental group during ten weekly 60-minute sessions. Data were analyzed using mixed model repeated measures ANOVA. Findings showed that imago therapy could increase interpersonal trust and cognitive flexibility in young couples and this effect was sustained in the follow-up phase (P < 0.001). Therefore, it could be concluded that imago therapy was effective in increasing interpersonal trust and cognitive flexibility in young couples. Accordingly, it is suggested that this treatment package be used for the recovery of interpersonal trust and cognitive flexibility of couples.
reza khojastehmehr; sara shirmardi; kiumars beshlideh
Abstract
Virtues, defined as strengths or personality traits, enable a good or valuable life.Applying the concept of marital virtues to the context of the marital relationship is a result of recent positive psychology works. One of the tools for measuring marital virtues is the Marital Virtues Profile (MVP). ...
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Virtues, defined as strengths or personality traits, enable a good or valuable life.Applying the concept of marital virtues to the context of the marital relationship is a result of recent positive psychology works. One of the tools for measuring marital virtues is the Marital Virtues Profile (MVP). Research has shown that marital virtues affect marital quality, stability, and adjustment. The MVP includes items that measure the individual and other-centeredness levels of marital virtues in a marital relationship. The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the martial virtues profile in married people in Izeh. To achieve this goal, 228 married individuals (118 females and 110 males) responded to the profile of martial virtues. The findings confirmed the five-factor structure of the marital virtues profile (admiration, understanding, sacrifice, justice, and forgiveness) in the Iranian sample as well. Findings also showed that this measure has good reliability and validity. The internal consistency of MVP was 0.89 using Cronbach's alpha and the correlation between MVP with the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) was 0/49. Therefore, the implication of this measure is recommended for family and marriage researchers, family and couples therapists and educators of marriage education programs.
Seyedeh Fatemeh Agah; Parviz Azadfallah
Abstract
Theories and empirical studies on the development of BPD posit that adverse family context, in which dysfunctional parenting is obvious, is associated with symptoms of BPD. Most studies in this area have been focused on retrospective reports of BPD patients about their childhood environment. Due to limitations ...
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Theories and empirical studies on the development of BPD posit that adverse family context, in which dysfunctional parenting is obvious, is associated with symptoms of BPD. Most studies in this area have been focused on retrospective reports of BPD patients about their childhood environment. Due to limitations of this type of studies and the lack of in-depth study on the family environment of these individuals, the present study was conducted to discover and describe parenting in families with offspring suffering from BPD. A qualitative study design using a content analysis approach was used to gather and analyze data. A Purposive sample of family members of BPD patients was made. Data were collected by conducting fifteen in-depth unstructured interviews. The recorded interviews were transcribed and data analysis was done by coding and categorizing strategies. After data analysis, "Destructive pattern of parenting" was extracted as the main theme. This theme includes 6 categories: "Physical and emotional maltreatment of children", "Over strict control", "Lack of parental care", "Instability in dealing with children", "Child-centered treatment" and "Prevention of children's autonomy". The results indicated that the dominant behavioral patterns of parents of these people have been inappropriate and destructive. This shows the link between destructive parenting and BPD in offspring. The results emphasize the role of parental behavioral and interactive patterns in the emergence of BPD traits and highlight the presence of traumatic characteristics in these patients' families.
Farzaneh Kosari; Parviz Sabahi; Shahrokh Makvand Hosseini
Abstract
Nowadays, combined parenting programs that teach behavioral parenting skills and regulate parents' emotions by valuing parents' thoughts and feelings have proven more effective than non-combined programs; however, there is no evidence comparing the effectiveness of these combined programs. Thus, the ...
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Nowadays, combined parenting programs that teach behavioral parenting skills and regulate parents' emotions by valuing parents' thoughts and feelings have proven more effective than non-combined programs; however, there is no evidence comparing the effectiveness of these combined programs. Thus, the current study compared the effects of a combined program of Parent Management Training (PMT) and mindful parenting with a combined program of PMT and parenting based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on parenting stress and a child's externalizing problems. The study employed a semi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and three-month follow-up, as well as a control group. The current research population consisted of mothers of preschool-aged children in the city of Semnan in 2022; more specifically, 36 mothers with high parenting stress levels (as measured by Abidin's Parenting Stress Index – Short Form [PSI-SF]) and children with externalizing problems (as measured by the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory [ECBI]) were randomly assigned to one of three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). Each experimental group received eight two-hour sessions, once per week, of separate combination programs, while the control group was placed on a waiting list. Multivariate covariance analysis revealed that both combined programs significantly reduced parental stress and children's externalizing problems between the post-test and the three-month follow-up. However, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of the two programs in reducing parenting stress and child problems. Therefore, the combined program of parenting based on ACT and PMT with the combined program of mindful parenting training and PMT can be utilized to reduce parenting stress and child behavior problems.
ahmad amani; Mozhgan ghasemi
Abstract
Marital conflicts, the desire to divorce, and broken marital relationships can have negative psychological and social repercussions. The current study evaluated the Olson-Gottman empowerment program's effectiveness in reducing marital conflict and the desire for divorce when implemented in a group setting. ...
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Marital conflicts, the desire to divorce, and broken marital relationships can have negative psychological and social repercussions. The current study evaluated the Olson-Gottman empowerment program's effectiveness in reducing marital conflict and the desire for divorce when implemented in a group setting. The study utilized a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up evaluations, including a control group. The population consisted of all couples with marital conflict and a desire for divorce referred to counseling centers in the city of Varamin in 2018. Random sampling was used to select 30 couples, with 15 couples assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The Marital Conflicts Questionnaire (MCQ) and the Willingness to Divorce Questionnaire. were utilized as research instruments. The Olson-Gottman empowerment program for the experimental group consisted of twelve 90-minute sessions, whereas the control group received no intervention. In addition, the research tools were administered again two months after the intervention to assess the intervention's effects. The data were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measures. The results indicated that the Olson-Gottman empowerment program significantly decreased marital conflict (P<0/05; F=51.72) and the desire to divorce (P<0/05; F=26.10) and that these effects were maintained during the follow-up phase. These results indicate that the Olson-Gottman empowerment program may be useful in therapy and counseling sessions to reduce marital conflict and the desire to divorce.
zahra Taheriyan; afsaneh dehghan; maliheh mehdikhani
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) on the resilience and assertiveness of women victims of domestic violence. The study applied a quasi-experimental design, utilizing a pre-test and post-test model with multiple groups. ...
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This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) on the resilience and assertiveness of women victims of domestic violence. The study applied a quasi-experimental design, utilizing a pre-test and post-test model with multiple groups. The statistical population included women victims of domestic violence during autumn 2020 and spring 2021 in Sari. The sample was selected through purposive sampling, where 45 participants were selected. The population was then matched through a lottery technique and assigned to two experimental and one control group comprising 15 women. The first experimental group received seven ACT 90-minute sessions; the second received 12 DBT 90-minute sessions. The control group was placed on a waiting list for training. Data were collected using the standard resilience and assertiveness questionnaire and analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test in SPSS 22 software. All three groups were required to complete the same questionnaires at the end of the study. The results indicated that both interventions increased resilience and assertiveness scores for the experimental groups. Moreover, there was a meaningful difference between the two interventions regarding their effectiveness on the variables above, where ACT's effectiveness on resilience and assertiveness was higher. Based on the findings, psychological interventions for domestic violence-exposed women can effectively prevent and reduce such incidents.
Farhad Khoemaei; Faramarz Kashkoli; Seyed Mehdi Poorseyed
Abstract
The concept of emotional security, based on the theories of Davies and Cummings (1994) and Cummings and Davies (1996), refers to a state in which children maintain a secure, positive, and consistent perception of family relationships despite encountering stressful situations. This study aimed to assess ...
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The concept of emotional security, based on the theories of Davies and Cummings (1994) and Cummings and Davies (1996), refers to a state in which children maintain a secure, positive, and consistent perception of family relationships despite encountering stressful situations. This study aimed to assess the Emotional Security scale (Forman & Davies, 2005) for high school students, focusing on its validity, reliability, and factor structure. The research involved 503 high school students in Bushehr. They were selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. To verify the validity of the Emotional Security scale in the family system, construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis) was used. In addition, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and structural reliability were used in SPSS and AMOS software to verify reliability. The model’s fit was confirmed by goodness indices (X2/df = 2.99, GFI = 0.96, AGFI = 0.90, CFI = 0.92, NFI = 0.95, PCFI = 0.70, .RMSEA = 0.60, and PCIOSE = 0.24). The research results confirmed the presence of three factors, including security, mental preoccupation, and withdrawal in the Emotional Security scale within the family system. The Cronbach’s alpha indexes for security components (0.81), mental preoccupation (0.75), and withdrawal (0.74) were found to be satisfactory. Consequently, it could be concluded that the Emotional Security scale within the family system is a reliable and useful instrument for assessing the emotional security of Iranian students in psychological studies, and can be applied in research about emotional security within the family system.
ali khodaei; Omid Shokri
Abstract
The undeniable necessity of understanding parental behaviors from a contextual perspective has encouraged various researchers to study the functional characteristics of parenting practices depending on the contexts such as academic learning, interaction with peers, and the daily life of children and ...
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The undeniable necessity of understanding parental behaviors from a contextual perspective has encouraged various researchers to study the functional characteristics of parenting practices depending on the contexts such as academic learning, interaction with peers, and the daily life of children and adolescents. Therefore, this research study was conducted to analyze the factorial validity and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Academic Parenting Scale. In this descriptive survey, 350 mothers were selected through accessible sampling method. They filled out the Academic Parenting Scale (Wang et al., 2022), Parenting Wisdom Scale (Boumpouli et al., 2022), and the Strength-based Parenting Scale (Jach et al., 2018). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Academic Parenting Scale had good factorial validity with a four-factor structure consisting of parental warmth, parenting focused on behavioral control, parenting focused on psychological control, and parental support. Indices of 2χ, 2χ/df, CFI, GFI, AGFI, and RMSEA were equal to 904.66, 1.85, 0.93, 0.95, 0.93, and 0.05, respectively. In addition, the results concerning the correlation between the dimensions of academic parenting with strength-based parenting and different facets of parental wisdom supported the convergent validity of the Persian version of the Academic Parenting Scale. Moreover, the internal consistency coefficients of academic parenting subscales, including warmth, behavioral control, psychological control, and independence-encouraging parenting, were equal to 0.80, 0.79, 0.84, and 0.79, respectively. In sum, while defending the conceptual positions derived from the self-determination theory in the development of a contextual approach to parenting behaviors and expanding the frontier of theoretical knowledge in the field of emerging and contextual studies of educational parenting, this research study provided compelling evidence in preliminary support of the technical characteristics of validity and reliability of the Persian version of Academic Parenting Scale.
marzieh karimi; sadegh nasri; Fatemeh Ghaemi
Abstract
Considering the specific characteristics of autism spectrum disorder, parents and especially mothers are under a lot of pressure and it is important to identify factors that help reduce this pressure. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the structural relationships of fathers' involvement ...
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Considering the specific characteristics of autism spectrum disorder, parents and especially mothers are under a lot of pressure and it is important to identify factors that help reduce this pressure. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the structural relationships of fathers' involvement and mothers' parenting stress with the mediating role of family functioning, resilience and social support in mothers of autistic children. Research method has been descriptive-correlation type and structural equation model was used. From among the autism schools in Tehran, 4 schools were randomly selected and 276 volunteer mothers participated in the research and were asked to use the Phetrusuwan & Miles's Parenting Stress Scale: Autism (2009), Olson et al. 's Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (1985), Conner and Davidson's Resilience Scale (2003), Zimmet et al.'s Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (1988), and Fathers' Involvement Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Smart PLS 3.2 software. The results indicated that fathers' participation and resilience have a direct negative effect on mothers' parenting stress. In addition, fathers' participation has an indirect effect on mothers' parenting stress through the mediation of family functioning (p < 0.05). a significant relationship was also observed between family functioning and mothers' resilience. According to the obtained results, it seems that fathers' participation as an external factor and resilience as an internal factor play a role in predicting parenting stress (p < 0.05). Also, the adaptive functioning of the family can strengthen the role of fathers' participation in reducing mothers' stress. The results can be used in predicting parenting stress of mothers of autistic children.
Ali Raeisi; Abbas Rahmati; anahita tashk
Abstract
Marital infidelity is considered one of the most important risk factors of marital relationships, the disclosure of which puts the betrayed individual in a dilemma of staying or leaving the relationship. The current research aimed to investigate the factors that made women who were betrayed decide to ...
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Marital infidelity is considered one of the most important risk factors of marital relationships, the disclosure of which puts the betrayed individual in a dilemma of staying or leaving the relationship. The current research aimed to investigate the factors that made women who were betrayed decide to continue their relationship with their husbands despite disclosing their husbands’ infidelity. The statistical population of this study included all the betrayed women of Kerman who remained in the relationship despite the disclosure of their husbands’ betrayal. The sample included 16 women who were betrayed in Kerman. They were selected purposively using theoretical and snowball sampling methods. The data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. In addition, the data was analyzed through the qualitative method of Grounded Theory and the systematic analysis approach of Strauss and Corbin. The analysis of the obtained data led to the identification of 38 concepts and 12 axial codes, which were categorized into three general conditions: causal conditions, contextual conditions, and intervening conditions, all centered around the main theme of "staying after spousal infidelity disclosure." The results of this study indicated that the betrayed women continued to live with their spouses under causal conditions (i.e., the presence of children, affection for the spouse, spouse’s trust-building behaviors, lack of family support, mutual infidelity, and attitudes and beliefs), contextual conditions (i.e., social and cultural pressures, personal and psychological characteristics, and legal constraints on women), and intervening conditions (i.e., financial and economic issues, the type of spouse’ betrayal, and the support of the spouse’s family).
Maryam Khodakarami fard; khadijeh Shirali Nia; Khaled Aslani
Abstract
AbstractFemale faculty members who are mothers experience overwhelming pressures to comply with the standards of their institutions for promotion and at the same time fulfill their responsibilities as parents. One of the most important concerns of working mothers is creating a balance between the simultaneous ...
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AbstractFemale faculty members who are mothers experience overwhelming pressures to comply with the standards of their institutions for promotion and at the same time fulfill their responsibilities as parents. One of the most important concerns of working mothers is creating a balance between the simultaneous roles of maternity and employment, which has received attention in recent decades. The present study aimed to examine the experiences of female faculty members who simultaneously play the roles of maternity and employment. The current research is a qualitative study of psychological descriptive phenomenology in which nine participants were selected through purposive sampling method in Ahvaz. In-depth interviews were used to collect data. The interviews continued until the data saturation emerged. The data analysis showed eight constituents, namely disorder and chaos, professional tension, feeling guilty about not being a good mother, demoralization, exhaustion of parenting, increased reactivity towards children’s misbehaviors, hope and meaning in the maternal role, and receiving support from the family. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the psychological consequences of playing maternal-occupational roles can seriously damage the mental health of working mothers. Thus, it is appropriate to pay attention to working women and prepare them to accept the roles through mental health programs and family-friendly plans.
Razieh Nadri; Masoud Sadeghi; Firoozeh Ghazanfari
Abstract
Marriage plays a very important role in the lives of most adults; it gives meaning to people’s lives. Thus, the existence of conflicts can be threatening. These conflicts can increase mental rumination of anger and decrease marital virtues. The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness ...
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Marriage plays a very important role in the lives of most adults; it gives meaning to people’s lives. Thus, the existence of conflicts can be threatening. These conflicts can increase mental rumination of anger and decrease marital virtues. The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-based cognitive-behavioral therapy in the mental rumination of anger and marital virtues. The statistical population included couples with marital conflicts referring to the family counseling centers of Alshatar. The sample size included three couples, who were voluntarily selected and underwent emotional-based cognitive-behavioral couple therapy. In this research, a single-case design with multiple baselines was used. The emotion-based cognitive-behavioral couple therapy protocol was implemented during fifteen 60-minute intervention sessions, and the participants responded to the Anger Rumination Scale (Suchodolsky et al., 2001), Marital Virtues Scale (Fawcett et al., 2013), and Marital Conflict Scale (Sanaei, 2000). The data were analyzed by visual drawing method, stable change index, and recovery percentage formula. The findings of the study showed that the stable changes in the variable of mental rumination of anger in three couples were 2.71, 2.06, and 3.28 and in the variable of marital virtues were 2.76, 3.45, and 2.16. In addition, the recovery rates in the post-treatment phase in the variable of mental rumination of anger were 41.98, 33.80, and 41.00 with the mean of 38.92, and in the variable of marital virtues were 51.02, 45.20, and 54.71 with the mean of 50.31, which was included in the spectrum of successful treatment. Therefore, this research showed that emotion-based cognitive-behavioral couple therapy was effective in reducing mental rumination of anger and increasing marital virtues. Therefore, it can be used to reduce mental rumination of anger and increase marital virtues.
mohammad saleh tayeb nia; Rahele kardavani
Abstract
Gender is one of the influential factors in understanding a phenomenon and the ways of dealing with it. Analyzing individuals’ mindsets and attitudes towards a phenomenon based on gender can be considered a form of gender analysis. One of the fundamental issues in society, with the transition from ...
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Gender is one of the influential factors in understanding a phenomenon and the ways of dealing with it. Analyzing individuals’ mindsets and attitudes towards a phenomenon based on gender can be considered a form of gender analysis. One of the fundamental issues in society, with the transition from the traditional era, is the issue of marriage as a complex phenomenon with various analytical aspects. Studying this phenomenon from a gender perspective, which has significant effects in biological, psychological, and social dimensions, can provide a more accurate understanding of it and facilitate planning in this regard. This research study is based on semi-structured interviews conducted with a sample of 30 single university students in state universities in Isfahan. The analysis of marriage, to understand the relationship between gender and students’ mindset about this important personal and social phenomenon, was conducted using content analysis. The findings indicated that despite the reduced social pressure regarding gender divisions compared to the past and the understanding of students, both males and females, of marriage as a logical necessity for the future, there are still gender-oriented differences in terms of philosophy, conditions, barriers, and future of marriage. The study showed that boys mainly perceived marriage as a bilateral transaction with broad economic dimensions and social consequences which originate from the philosophy of commitment and dedication to the family. On the other hand, despite hesitation and differentiation, girls associated this issue with concepts of love, trust, equality, and the need for connection. The results of this research study can contribute to understanding marriage as a gendered issue; they are useful in policy-making in the field of marriage and family formation among young university students.
Marziyeh Sadeghzadeh; Maryam Safari Shirazi; Moslem Abbasi; Farzaneh Bahrami
Abstract
Being a parent can be considered one of the most important and the most enjoyable life experiences of any person, however, for some fathers and mothers, this role is associated with increasing challenges and can become a source of chronic tension and ultimately burnout. Therefore, the present study investigates ...
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Being a parent can be considered one of the most important and the most enjoyable life experiences of any person, however, for some fathers and mothers, this role is associated with increasing challenges and can become a source of chronic tension and ultimately burnout. Therefore, the present study investigates the mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between mothers' early memories of warmth and safety and their experience of parental burnout. This research is a descriptive-cross-sectional structural equation modeling study that has studied a sample of mothers in Isfahan (319 people). The statistical population included mothers who had preschool children in the academic year of 2020-2021, and the data was collected online based on available sampling. The research tools included the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA), Forms of Criticism/Self-Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FCS), and the Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale (EMWSS). The results showed that early memories of warmth and safety have a direct and significant effect on self-criticism and self-criticism also has a direct and significant effect on mother's parental burnout. Also, the findings showed that mothers' early memories of warmth and safety with the mediation of self-criticism had an indirect effect on parental burnout, and this model could explain nearly 54% of the variance of parental burnout (P<0.001). The findings of the current research, at least in the case of exhausted parents who were deprived of a warm and safe environment in childhood, provide a new understanding of parental burnout and suggest improving the process of self-criticism as a way to reduce their experience of parental burnout.
Seyed Hamid Atashpour; Maryam Jelokhanian; Mohammad Ali Nadi
Abstract
Codependency is a communication pattern characterized by controlling others and intense anxiety about intimacy. Considering the negative consequences and the creation of marital conflicts due to the problems of codependency of couples, it is necessary to take steps to reduce it. This research was conducted ...
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Codependency is a communication pattern characterized by controlling others and intense anxiety about intimacy. Considering the negative consequences and the creation of marital conflicts due to the problems of codependency of couples, it is necessary to take steps to reduce it. This research was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the educational package of the integrative self-analytical approach for couples in the codependency of conflicted couples. In terms of objectives, this study was practical and in terms of method, it was a quasi-experimental of pretest-posttest-follow-up type with a control group. The statistical population included all conflicted couples who were referred to counseling centers in Isfahan. Thirty couples were selected through available sampling method and random selection. They were assigned randomly into two experimental and control groups according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research instrument was Holyoke’s Correlation questionnaire (Dear & Roberts, 2000). Before the sessions, a pretest was taken from both groups. The experimental group was subjected to 12 150-minute sessions of a package training on integrative self-analytical approach for couples and the control group did not receive any training. At the end of the sessions and two months after them, a posttest and a follow-up were taken from both groups. Data analysis was done through repeated measures analysis of variance using SPSS software (version 24). The results showed that the educational package of the integrative self-analytical approach for couples was effective in reducing the dimensions of couples’ codependency (i.e., external focus, self-sacrifice, and reactivity) and had lasting effects in the follow-up phase (P>0.001). It seems that the integrative self-analysis training package for couples can be effective in reducing their codependency due to having an integrative perspective on couples’ issues.
