Family Psychology Association of Iran

Authors

Abstract

Tendency to addictive substance is one of the challenges of the current community, in particular among young generation. Personal, family and social risk and inhibitor factors are effective in tendency towards addictive substance and alcohol. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitor role of religious beliefs and family belonging in tendency towards smoking, drugs and alcohol. According to this general aim, 600 students were selected from Islamic Azad University, Abhar branch using cluster sampling. It was requested from the participants to complete Substance Usage State Questionnaire (UCSQ), family belonging subscale of Risk and Protective Factors Inventory (RPFI), and Religious Believes Scale (RBS). Results revealed that there were negative correlation between family belonging, religious beliefs and tendency to drugs and alcohol. Religious beliefs and family belonging could explain tendency to smoking, drugs, and alcohol. Due to the importance of the role of religious beliefs and family belonging in tendency to drugs and alcohol, results of this study could be beneficial in planning and implementing appropriate policies towards providing training programs for families and young adults.

Keywords

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Bonn-Miller, M. O., Harris, A. H. S., & Trafton, J. A. (2012). Prevalence of cannabis use disorder diagnoses among veterans in 2002, 2008, and 2009. Psychological Services, 9, 404-416. Chi, F. W., Kaskutas, L. A., Sterling, S., Campbell, C. I., & Weisner, C. (2009). Twelve-Step affiliation and 3-year substance use outcomes among adolescents: Social support and religious service attendance as potential mediators. Addiction, 104, 927–939. Ghandour, L. A., Karam, E. G., & Maalouf, W. E. (2009). Lifetime alcohol use, abuse and dependence among university students in Lebanon: Exploring the role of religiosity in different religious faiths. Addiction,104, 940–948. Haggerty, K. P., Skinner, M., Fleming, C. B., Gainey, R. R., & Catalano, R. F. (2008). Long-term effects of the Focus on Families project on substance use disorders among children of parents in methadone treatment. Addiction,103, 2008–2016. Harden, K. P. (2010). Does religious involvement protect against early drinking? A behavior genetic approach. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 763–771. Harris, K. M., Duncan, G., & Boisjoly, J. (2002). Evaluating the role of noting to lose attitude on risky behavior in adolescence. Social Forces, 8, 1005-1039. Holt, J. B., Miller, J. W., Naimi, T. S. & Sui, D. Z. (2006). Religious affiliation and alcohol consumption in the United States. Geographical Review, 96, 523–542. Hummel, A., Shelton, K. H., Heron, J., Moore, L., & van den Bree, M. B. M. (2013). A systematic review of the relationships between family functioning, pubertal timing and adolescent substance use. Addiction, 108, 487–496. Lietz, C. A., & Hodge, D. R. (2012). Incorporating spirituality into substance abuse counseling: Examining the perspectives of service recipients and providers. Journal of Social Service Research, 39, 498-510. Larkin, K. T., Frazer, N. L., & Wheat, A. L. (2011). Responses to interpersonal conflict among young adults: Influence of family of origin. Personal Relationships, 18, 657–667. Marsiglia, F. F., Kulis, S., Nieri, T., & Parsai, M. (2005). God Forbid! Substance Use Among Religious and Nonreligious Youth. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75, 585–598. McArdle, P., Wiegersma, A., Gilvarry, E., Kolte, B., McCarthy, S., Fitzgerald, M., et al. (2002). European adolescent substance use: The roles of family structure, function and gender. Addiction, 97, 329–336. Miller, L., Davies, M., & Greenwald, N. W. (2000). Relationship between family religiosity and substance use and abuse among adolescents in the national co morbidity survey. Journal of the American academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 1190-1197. Petry, N. M., Lewis, M. W., & Østvik-White, E. M. (2008). Participation in religious activities during contingency management interventions is associated with substance use treatment outcomes. The American Journal on Addictions, 17, 408–413. Platter, A. J., & Kelley, M. L. (2012). Effectiveness of an educational and support program for family members of a substance abuser abstract. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 40, 208-231. Ramarakha, S., Bell, M. L., Paul, C., Dickson, N., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2007). Childhood behavior problems linked to sexual risk taking in young adulthood: A birth cohort study. Journal of American Academy Child Psychiatry, 46, 1272-1279. Tacey, D. J. (2003). The Spirituality revolution. The emergence of contemporary spirituality. Sydney, Australia: Harper Collins publishers. Velleman, R. D. B., Templeton, L. J., & Copello, A. G. (2009). The role of the family in preventing and intervening with substance use and misuse: A comprehensive review of family interventions, with a focus on young people. Drug and Alcohol Review, 24, 93–109.