نشریه انجمن علمی روانشناسی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه لرستان

2 گروه روانشناسی, دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

بی‌حوصلگی یکی از رایج‌ترین هیجان‌های تجربه شده در دوران نوجوانی است. نوجوانان با سطح بی‌حوصلگی بالا از انجام تکالیف مدرسه اجتناب می‌کنند و در زمینه‌های مانند توجه، خودتنظیمی، انگیزه و روابط بین فردی دارای مشکل هستند. هرچند رابطه بین الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده و بی-حوصلگی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است، اما درباره مکانیسم‌های زیربنایی این رابطه مطالعات اندکی وجود دارد. لذا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین نقش واسطه ای خلاقیت در رابطه الگوهای ارتباطی خانوده با بی حوصلگی نوجوانان دختر انجام شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش دانش‌آموزان دختر دوره دوم متوسطه منطقه 3 شهر تهران در سال تحصیلی 1398-1397 بود که از بین آن‌ها تعداد 400 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی خوشه‌ای انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از مقیاس چندبعدی حالت بی‌حوصلگی (فالمن و همکاران، 2013)، پرسشنامه تجدیدنظر شده الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده (فیتزپاتریک و ریچی ، 1994) و پرسشنامه خلاقیت عابدی (عابدی، 1372) گردآوری و با استفاده از همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل مسیر تجزیه شدند. نتایج نشان داد اثر مستقیم الگوی گفت‌وشنود خانواده بر بی‌حوصلگی منفی معنادار و اثر مستقیم الگوی همنوایی خانواده بر بی‌حوصلگی مثبت معنادار بود. همچنین، یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد خلاقیت در رابطه بین الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده و بی‌حوصلگی نقش واسطه‌ای دارد. بر اساس یافته‌ها، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده و خلاقیت از عوامل مهم اثرگذار بر بی‌حوصلگی در بین نوجوانان به شمار می‌آیند؛ بنابراین، بهبود تعاملات خانوادگی و افزایش سطح خلاقیت می‌تواند روش مطلوبی برای کمک به نوجوانان در برابر مشکلات و پیشگیری از بی‌حوصلگی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Mediating Role of Creativity in the Relationship between Family Communication Patterns and Boredom in Female Adolescents

نویسندگان [English]

  • salman zarei 1
  • khadijeh fooladvand 2

1 Psychology Department, Lorestan University

2 psychology department- lorestan university

چکیده [English]

Boredom is one of the most commonly experienced emotions during the adolescent years. Highly bored adolescents were shown to avoid schoolwork, and reduced attention, self-regulation, and motivation. An important characteristic of boredom is that it can be triggered by family environment. Although the relationship between Family Communication Patterns and boredom has been examined, there are few studies on underling mechanisms of this relationship. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the mediating role of creativity in the relationship between Family Communication Patterns and boredom. In this descriptive- correlational study a total of 400 female high school students from the school of the 3th district of Tehran in the academic year of 2018-2019 were selected via cluster sampling. Data were collected using Multidimensional State Boredom Scale (Fahlman et al, 2013), Family Comminication Patterns Questionnaire (Fitzpatrick & Ritchie, 1974) and Abedi Creativity Questionnaire (Abadi, 1372). To analyze the data descriptive statistics, Pierson Correlation and path analysis were conducted. The results showed that direct effect of the family conversation orientation on the boredom was significantly negative, And direct effect of the Family conformity orientation and boredom were significantly positive. Also, results showed that mediating role of creativity in the relationship between Family Communication Patterns and boredom was significant. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that family communication patterns and creativity are important factor affecting adolescents’ boredom. Therefore, improving family communication and enhancing creativity can be a good way to support adolescent against everyday life problems and prevention boredom.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adolescence
  • Boredom
  • Family Communication Patterns
  • Creativity
Abedi, J. (1995). Creativity; A New Instrument for Its Assessment. Psychological Research, 2(1), 46-54. [In Persian]
Auzmendi, E., Villa, A., & Abedi, J. (1996). Reliability and validity of a newly constructed multiple-choice creativity instrument. Creativity Research Journal, 9(1), 89-95.
Biolcati, R., Mancini, G., & Trombini, E. (2018). Proneness to boredom and risk behaviors during adolescents’ free time. Psychological Reports121(2), 303-323.
Brannon, G. E. (2021). Family communicative environment’s effects on young adults’ social norms about limiting alcohol: Examining the mediating effects of implicit privacy rules. Health Communication, 36(10), 1137-1147.
Brock, R. L., & Kochanska, G. (2015). Decline in the quality of family relationships predicts escalation in children's internalizing symptoms from middle to late childhood. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43,1295–308.
Brosowsky, N. P., Barr, N., Mugon, J., Scholer, A. A., Seli, P., & Danckert, J. (2022). Creativity, Boredom Proneness and Well-Being in the Pandemic. Behavioral Sciences, 12(3), 68.
Campbell-Salome, G., Rauscher, E. A., & Freytag, J. (2019). Patterns of Communicating About Family Health History: Exploring Differences in Family Types, Age, and Sex. Health Education & Behavior, 46(5), 809-817.
Cavallo, D. A., & Krishnan-Sarin, S. (2019). Nicotine use disorders in adolescents. Pediatric Clinics66(6), 1053-1062.
Chaffee, S. H., McLeod, J. M., & Atkin, C. K. (1971). Parental influence on adolescentmedia use. American Behavioral Scientist, 14, 323-340.
Chen, H. (2016). The relationship between alexithymia and emotional symptoms: Mediating effects of boredom proneness. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24(4), 648–651.
Chou, W. J., Chang, Y. P., & Yen, C. F. (2018). Boredom proneness and its correlation with internet addiction and internet activities in adolescents with attention- deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 34, 467- 474.
Dong, Y., Wang, H., Zhu, L., Li, C., & Fang, Y. (2020). How parental involvement influences adolescents’ academic emotions from control-value theory. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(2), 282-291.
Erdner, S. M., & Wright, C. N. (2018). The Relationship between Family Communication Patterns and the Self-Efficacy of Student-Athletes. Communication & Sport, 6(3), 368-389.
Fahlman, S. A., Mercer-Lynn, K. B., Flora, D. B., & Eastwood, J. D. (2013). Development and validation of the multidimensional state boredom scale. Assessment20(1), 68-85.
Ferreira, M., Nelas, P., Duarte, J., Grilo, C., & Nave, F. (2013). Family culture and adolescent sexuality. Atención Primaria, 45(2), 216-222.
Fitzpatrick, M. A. (2004). The family communication patterns theory: Observations on its development and application. The Journal of Family Communication, 4, 167-179.
Fitzpatrick, M.A. & Ritchie, L.D. (1994). Communication schemata within the family: Multiple perspectives on family interaction. Human Communication Research, 20, 275-301.
Freed, R. D., Rubenstein, L. M., Daryanani, I., Olino, T. M., & Alloy, L. B. (2016). The relationship between family functioning and adolescent depressive symptoms: the role of emotional clarity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45, 505–519.
Goldstein, A. L., Vilhena-Churchil N., Stewart, S. H., Hoaken, P. N., & Flett, G. L. (2016). Mood, motives and money: an examination of factors that differentiate online and non-online young adult gamblers. Journal of Behavior Addiction, 5, 68-76.
Gomez-Ramirez, J., & Costa, T. (2017). Boredom begets creativity: A solution to the exploitation–exploration trade-off in predictive coding. Biosystems162, 168-176.
Hasniza, C. N., Yusooff. F., & Hasim, M. S. (2013). Communication patterns of Malay families in Terengganu, Malaysia Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 102, 635-642.
Hesse, C., Rauscher, E. A., Goodman, R. B., & Couvrette, M. A. (2017). Reconceptualizing the role of conformity behaviors in family communication patterns theory. Journal of Family Communication, 17(4), 319–337.
Heydari, A. (2018). Investigating the state of boredom and its related factors among medical students of Islamic Azad University of Qom. PhD thesis in general medicine, Islamic Azad University, Qom branch. [In Persian]
Hovick, S. R., Thomas, S. N., Watts, J., & Tan, N. Q. (2021). The influence of family communication patterns on the processing of messages to increase family health history seeking intentions. Health Communication, 36(4), 424–432.
Hunter, J. A., Abraham, E. H., Hunter, A. G., Goldberg, L. C., & Eastwood, J. D. (2016). Personality and boredom proneness in the prediction of creativity and curiosity. Thinking Skills and Creativity22, 48-57.
Isacescu, J., Struk, A. A., & Danckert, J. (2017). Cognitive and affective predictors of boredom   proneness.   Cognition   and    Emotion, 31(8),1741–1748.
Kapetanovic, S., & Skoog, T. (2021). The Role of the Family’s Emotional Climate in the Links between Parent-Adolescent Communication and Adolescent Psychosocial Functioning. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 49, 141–154.
Kaufman. J. C., & Sternberg. R. J. (2010). The Cambridge handbook of creativity (Eds), New York: Cambridge University press.
Kazbelt. A. Begehetto. R.A., & Runco, M.A. (2010). Theories of creativity. In J.C. Kaufman, R.J. Sternberg (Eds). The Cambridge handbook of creativity. 20-47. New York: Cambridge University press.
Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
Kuroshnia, M. (2006). The effect of dimensions of family communication patterns on adaptation. Master's thesis in educational psychology, Shiraz University. [In Persian]
Kumar, J., & Singh, U. (2018). Creativity as Related to Perceived Family Environment. International Indian Psychology, 6(1), 69-80.
Leung, J. T. Y., & Shek, D. T. L. (2019). Parental control and adolescent wellbeing in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Child Indicators Research, 13(9), 703-727.
Liu, J., Sun, X., Sun, M., Zhou, Y., Li, X., Cao, J., Liu, Z., & Xu, F. (2021). Factors Influencing the Creativity of Chinese Upper-Secondary-School Students Participating in Programming Education. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 732605
Lyerly, J. E., & Huber, L. R. (2013). The role of family conflict on risky sexual behavior in adolescents aged 15 to 21. Annals of Epidemiology, 23(4), 233-235.
Moein, Z, Hejazi, M., Morovati, Z, & oroji, M. (2020). Relationship between family emotional atmosphere and creative problem solving with mediator role of Critical thinking among students. Research in Medical Education, 12(1), 14-23. [In Persian]
Morales, J. F., Ristina, E. C. Jankowski, K. S., Vollmer, C., & Randler, C. (2014). Evening adolescents: The role of family relationships and pubertal development. Journal of Adolescence, 37, 425-432.
Mugon, J., Struk, A., & Danckert, J. (2018). A failure to launch: Regulatory modes and boredom proneness. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1126.
Nabilla, S. P., Christia, M., & Dannisworo, C. A. (2019). The Relationship between boredom proneness and sensation seeking among adolescent and adult former drug users. In 2nd International Conference on Intervention and Applied Psychology (ICIAP 2018). Atlantis Press.
Pan, Y., Yang, Z. P., Han, X. H., & Qi, S. S. (2021). Family functioning and mental health among secondary vocational students during the COVID-19 epidemic: a moderated mediation model. Personality and Individual Differences, 171,110490
Ridout, S. J., Ridout, K. K., Kole, J., Fitzgerald, K. L., Donaldson, A. A., & Alverson, B. (2021). Comparison of eating disorder characteristics and depression comorbidity in adolescent males and females: An observational study. Psychiatry Research296, 113650.
Shi, B., Xing, Z., Yang, M., & Tang, C. (2021) How Family's Support of Perseverance in Creative Efforts Influences the Originality of Children's Drawing During the Period of COVID-19 Pandemic? Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 600810.
Simpson, E. G., Vannucci, A., & Ohannessian, C. M. (2018). Family functioning and adolescent internalizing symptoms: a latent profile analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 64,136–45.
Steele, E. H., & McKinney, C. (2019). Emerging adult psychological problems and parenting style:  Moderation by parent-child relationship quality. Personality and Individual Differences, 146, 201-208.
Torrance, E. P. (1979). An instructional model for enhancing incubation. The Journal of Creative Behavior13(1), 23-35.
Valenzuela, S., Bachmann, I., & Aguilar, M. (2019). Socialized for News Media Use: How Family Communication, Information-Processing Needs, and Gratifications Determine Adolescents’ Exposure to News. Communication Research, 46(8), 1095-1118.
Wang, E., Zhang, J., Peng, S., & Zeng, B. (2021). The Association Between Family Function and Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms in China: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Analysis. Front in Psychiatry, 12,744976.
Wang, N., Roaché, D. J., & Pusateri, K. B. (2019). Associations between Parents’ and Young Adults’ Face-to-Face and Technologically Mediated Communication Competence: The Role of Family Communication Patterns. Communication Research, 46(8), 1171-1196.
Washington, T., Rose, T., Coard, S. I., Patton, D. U., Young, S., & Giles, S. (2017). Family-level factors, depression, and anxiety among African American children: a systematic review. Child & Youth Care Forum, 46,137–56.
Westgate, E. C., & Wilson, T. D. (2018). Boring thoughts and bored minds: The MAC model of boredom and cognitive engagement. Psychological Review, 125(5), 689–713.
Westphal, A., Kretschmann, J., Gronostaj, A., & Vock, M. (2018). More enjoyment, less anxiety and boredom: How achievement emotions relate to academic self-concept and teachers' diagnostic skills. Learning and Individual Differences, 62, 108-117.
Xie, J. (2021). The Effects of Boredom on EFL Learners' Engagement. Front in Psychology, 12, 743313.
Xu, Y., Shao, J., Zeng, W., Wu, X., Huang, D., Zeng, Y., & Wu, J. (2021). Depression and Creativity During COVID-19: Psychological Resilience as a Mediator and Deliberate Rumination as a Moderator. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 665961.